tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-56742260287124799192024-02-08T02:11:55.469-08:00Sijil Tinggi Persekolahan MalaysiaMalaysian Higher School Certificate is a pre-university examination taken by students in Malaysia. It was formerly known as the Higher School Certificate (HSC). The HSC was the precursor to the GCE A levels in the UK, and is still the name of the pre-university examination in some states in Australia.Unknownnoreply@blogger.comBlogger3125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5674226028712479919.post-13947443181236711722010-01-11T13:54:00.000-08:002010-01-11T13:54:37.796-08:00STPM Mathematics T, Mathematics S and Further Mathematics SyllabusesPlease take note that the first eight topics (Paper 1) of Maths T and Maths S are the same. Besides, Maths T and Maths S are mutually exclusive. <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD4">In other words</span>, a STPM candidate cannot take both subjects at the same time. Maths T is taken by most science stream stuedents whereas Maths S is taken by some art stream <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD10">students</span>. Meanwhile, Further Maths is taken as the optional fifth subject by some science stream students.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;"><u>STPM <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD8">Mathematics</span> T (also known as Pure Mathematics) Syllabus</u></span><span class="fullpost"><br />
<ol><li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Numbers and Sets</span><br />
Real numbers<br />
Exponents and logarithms<br />
Complex numbers<br />
Sets<br />
<br />
</li>
<li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Polynomials</span><br />
Polynomials<br />
<span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD1">Equations and inequalities</span><br />
<span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD5">Partial fractions</span><br />
<br />
</li>
<li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Sequences and Series</span><br />
Sequences<br />
Series<br />
Binomial expansions<br />
<br />
</li>
<li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Matrices</span><br />
Matrices<br />
Inverse matrices<br />
System of <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD7">linear equations</span><br />
<br />
</li>
<li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Coordinate Geometry</span><br />
Cartesian coordinates in a plane<br />
<span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD11">Straight lines</span><br />
Curves<br />
<br />
</li>
<li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Functions</span><br />
Functions and graphs<br />
Composite functions<br />
Inverse functions<br />
Limit and continuity of <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD6">a function</span><br />
<br />
</li>
<li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Differentiation</span><br />
Derivative of a function<br />
Rules for <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD9">differentiation</span><br />
Derivative of a function defined implicitly or parametrically<br />
<span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD12">Applications</span> of differentiation<br />
<br />
</li>
<li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Integration</span><br />
Integral of a function<br />
Integration techniques<br />
Definite integrals<br />
Applications of integration<br />
<br />
</li>
<li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Differential Equations</span><br />
Differential equations<br />
First order differential equations with separable variables<br />
First order homogeneous differential equations<br />
<br />
</li>
<li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Trigonometry</span><br />
Solution of a triangle<br />
Trigonometric formulae<br />
Trigonometric equations and inequalities<br />
<br />
</li>
<li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Deductive Geometry</span><br />
Axioms<br />
Polygons<br />
Circles<br />
<br />
</li>
<li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Vectors</span><br />
Vectors<br />
Applications of vectors<br />
<br />
</li>
<li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Data Description</span><br />
Representation of data<br />
Measures of location<br />
Measures of dispersion<br />
<br />
</li>
<li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Probability</span><br />
Techniques of counting<br />
Events and probabilities<br />
Mutually exclusive events<br />
Independent and conditional events<br />
<br />
</li>
<li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Discrete <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD3">Probability Distributions</span></span><br />
Discrete random variables<br />
Mathematical expectation<br />
The binomial distribution<br />
The Poisson distribution<br />
<br />
</li>
<li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Continuous Probability Distributions</span><br />
Continuous random variable<br />
<span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD2">Probability density function</span><br />
Mathematical expectation<br />
The normal distribution<br />
</li>
</ol><br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;"><u>STPM Mathematics S (also known as Statistical Mathematics) Syllabus</u></span><br />
<ol><li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Numbers and Sets</span><br />
Real numbers<br />
Exponents and logarithms<br />
Complex numbers<br />
Sets<br />
<br />
</li>
<li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Polynomials</span><br />
Polynomials<br />
Equations and inequalities<br />
Partial fractions<br />
<br />
</li>
<li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Sequences and Series</span><br />
Sequences<br />
Series<br />
Binomial expansions<br />
<br />
</li>
<li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Matrices</span><br />
Matrices<br />
Inverse matrices<br />
System of linear equations<br />
<br />
</li>
<li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Coordinate Geometry</span><br />
Cartesian coordinates in a plane<br />
Straight lines<br />
Curves<br />
<br />
</li>
<li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Functions</span><br />
Functions and graphs<br />
Composite functions<br />
Inverse functions<br />
Limit and continuity of a function<br />
<br />
</li>
<li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Differentiation</span><br />
Derivative of a function<br />
Rules for differentiation<br />
Derivative of a function defined implicitly or parametrically<br />
Applications of differentiation<br />
<br />
</li>
<li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Integration</span><br />
Integral of a function<br />
Integration techniques<br />
Definite integrals<br />
Applications of integration<br />
<br />
</li>
<li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Linear Programming</span><br />
<br />
</li>
<li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Network Planning</span><br />
<br />
</li>
<li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Data Description</span><br />
<br />
</li>
<li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Probability</span><br />
<br />
</li>
<li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Probability Distributions</span><br />
<br />
</li>
<li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Sampling and Estimation</span><br />
<br />
</li>
<li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Correlation and Regression</span><br />
<br />
</li>
<li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Time Series and Index Number</span><br />
<br />
</li>
</ol><br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;"><u>STPM Further Mathematics Syllabus</u></span> (thanks to <a href="http://lifeinsabah.blogspot.com/">Ru7h</a>)<br />
Note: 13 - 16 are statistic topics<br />
<ol><li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Logic and Proof</span><br />
<br />
</li>
<li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Complex Numbers</span><br />
Polar form<br />
de Moivre's theorem<br />
Equations<br />
<br />
</li>
<li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Matrices</span><br />
Row & Columns operations<br />
System of linear equations<br />
eigenvalues & eigenvectors<br />
<br />
</li>
<li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Recurrence Relations</span><br />
Recurrence relations<br />
Homogeneous linear recurrence relations<br />
Non-homogenous linear recurrence relations<br />
<br />
</li>
<li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Functions</span><br />
Inverse trigonometric functions<br />
Hyperbolic functions<br />
Inverse hyperbolic functions<br />
<br />
</li>
<li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Differentiation and Integration</span><br />
<br />
</li>
<li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Power Series</span><br />
Taylor Polynomials<br />
Taylor Series<br />
<br />
</li>
<li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Differential Equations</span><br />
<br />
</li>
<li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Number Theory</span><br />
Divisibility<br />
Modular Arithmetic<br />
<br />
</li>
<li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Graph Theory</span><br />
Graphs<br />
Paths & Cycles<br />
Matrix Representations<br />
<br />
</li>
<li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Transformation Geometry</span><br />
Transformation<br />
Matrix Representations<br />
<br />
</li>
<li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Coordinate Geometry</span><br />
Three-Dimensional vectors<br />
Straight Lines<br />
Planes<br />
<br />
</li>
<li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Sampling and Estimation</span><br />
Random samples<br />
Sampling Distributions<br />
Point Estimates<br />
Interval Estimates<br />
<br />
</li>
<li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Hypothesis Testing</span><br />
Hypotheses<br />
Critical Regions<br />
Tests of Significance<br />
<br />
</li>
<li><span style="font-weight: bold;">χ² Tests</span><br />
χ² distributions<br />
Tests for goodness of fit<br />
Tests for Independence<br />
<br />
</li>
<li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Correlation and Regression</span><br />
Scatter Diagrams<br />
Pearson correlation coefficient<br />
Linear Regression Lines</li>
</ol>Reference : malaysia-students.com<br />
</span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5674226028712479919.post-53322937652888614502010-01-11T13:41:00.000-08:002010-01-11T13:44:46.939-08:00Sijil Tinggi Persekolahan Malaysia<p><b>Sijil Tinggi Persekolahan Malaysia (STPM)</b> atau <i>Malaysian Higher School Certificate</i> dalam bahasa Inggeris merupakan peperiksaan prauniversiti yang diduduki oleh pelajar Malaysia. Peperiksaan ini dulu dikenali sebagai <i>Higher School Certificate</i> (HSC).</p> <p>STPM disediakan oleh Majlis Peperiksaan Malaysia (MPM) yang juga menyediakan Malaysian University English Test (MUET), berbeza dengan Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia (SPM), Penilaian Menengah Rendah (PMR) dan Ujian Penilaian Sekolah Rendah (UPSR) yang disediakan oleh Lembaga Peperiksaan Malaysia (LPM). Walau bagaimanapun, kedua-dua LPM dan MPM adalah terletak di bawah Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia.</p> <p>STPM adalah salah satu daripada dua sistem prauniversiti yang utama untuk kemasukan universiti awam Malaysia. Sistem yang lain pula adalah program matrikulasi yang dianjurkan oleh Kementerian Pelajaran.</p> <p>STPM diiktiraf oleh banyak universiti di peringkat antarabangsa, terutamanya universiti di negara-negara Komanwel dan juga Amerika syarikat dan Ireland. Kebanyakan universiti menganggap keputusan STPM sama dengan A-level.</p><h2><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Tingkatan_enam">Tingkatan enam</span></span></h2> <p>Walaupun pendidikan sekolah menengah kebangsaan terdiri daripada 5 tingkatan, "Tingkatan Enam" digunakan untuk menamakan program prauniversiti STPM. Kementerian Pelajaran memilih sekolah menengah yang mempunyai kebolehan untuk menawarkan Tingkatan 6.</p> <p>Tingkatan 6 bertempoh setahun setengah. Tingkatan 6 itu sendiri dibahagi kepada 2 peringkat; setengah tahun yang pertama dikenali sebagai Tingkatan Enam Bawah dan tahun kedua dikenali sebagai Tingkatan Enam Atas.</p> <p>Pelajar tingkatan 6 pada kebiasaannya berlainan dengan pelajar di tingkatan yang lebih rendah, seperti memakai uniform yang berbeza dengan pelajar lain, diberi jawatan yang tinggi dalam aktiviti kokurikulum dalam persatuan dan terdapat juga pelajar di sekolah tertentu menghadiri perhimpunan dan mempunyai tempoh rehat yang berlainan dengan sekolah lain.</p> <p>Kebanyakan pelajar bumiputera ditawarkan ke program matrikulasi.</p> <h2><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Mata_pelajaran">Mata pelajaran</span></span></h2> <p>Calon STPM menduduki maksimum 5 mata pelajaran. Kertas peperiksaan bagi mata pelajaran sains dan matematik seperti Mathematics S, Mathematics T, Further Mathematics T, Computing, Physics, Chemistry, dan Biology ditawarkan dalam dwibahasa, iaitu bahasa Inggeris dan bahasa Melayu sehingga 2007 di mana kertas peperiksaan bagi mata pelajaran tersebut ditawarkan dalam bahasa Inggeris sepenuhnya. Bagi mata pelajaran yang lain, kertas peperiksaan masih disediakan dalam bahasa Melayu atau bahasa masing-masing.</p> <p>Bagi peperiksaan STPM, pengambilan sebarang kombinasi mata pelajaran adalah dibenarkan, iaitu pengambilan apa-apa mata pelajaran adalah dibenarkan. Walau bagaimanapun, kebanyakan pelajar yang memohon universiti tempatan diwajibkan mengambil Pengajian Am. Kebanyakan sekolah atau kolej menawarkan kombinasi mata pelajaran berdasarkan aliran sains atau kemanusiaan.</p> <p>Senarai mata pelajaran yang ditawarkan:</p> <ul><li>900 Pengajian Am</li><li>910 Bahasa Melayu</li><li>911 Bahasa Cina</li><li>912 Bahasa Tamil</li><li>913 Bahasa Arab</li><li>920 Literature in English</li><li>922 Kesusasteraan Melayu</li><li>930 Syariah</li><li>931 Usuluddin</li><li>940 Sejarah</li><li>942 Geografi</li><li>944 Ekonomi</li><li>946 Pengajian Perniagaan</li><li>948 Perakaunan</li><li>950 Mathematics S</li><li>954 Mathematics T</li><li>956 Further Mathematics T</li><li>958 Computing</li><li>960 Physics</li><li>962 Chemistry</li><li>964 Biology</li><li>966 Sains Sukan</li><li>970 Seni Visual</li></ul> <h2><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Gred">Gred</span></span></h2> <p>STPM menggunakan sistem Nilai Gred Mata Pelajaran. Terdapat 11 gred, iaitu A, A-, B+, B, B-, C+, C, C-, D+ dan D, dengan F sebagai status Gagal.</p> <p>Nilai Gred Mata Pelajaran</p> <ul><li>A - 4.00 (Lulus Penuh)</li><li>A- - 3.67 (Lulus Penuh)</li><li>B+ - 3.33 (Lulus Penuh)</li><li>B - 3.00 (Lulus Penuh)</li><li>B- - 2.67 (Lulus Penuh)</li><li>C+ - 2.33 (Lulus Penuh)</li><li>C - 2.00 (Lulus Penuh)</li><li>C- - 1.67 (Lulus Sebahagian)</li><li>D+ - 1.33 (Lulus Sebahagian)</li><li>D - 1.00 (Lulus Sebahagian)</li><li>F - 0.00 (Gagal)</li></ul> <p>Gred setiap kertas peperiksaan dinyatakan dalam slip keputusan dan juga sijil.</p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5674226028712479919.post-36047541918223513182010-01-11T13:34:00.000-08:002010-01-11T13:45:39.284-08:00Malaysian Higher School Certificate - Sijil Tinggi Persekolahan Malaysia<p>The <b>Sijil Tinggi Persekolahan Malaysia</b> (STPM, English: Malaysian Higher School Certificate) is a pre-university examination taken by students in Malaysia. It was formerly known as the Higher School Certificate (HSC). The HSC was the precursor to the GCE A levels in the UK, and is still the name of the pre-university examination in some states in Australia.</p> <p>The STPM is set and run by the Malaysian Examinations Council (Majlis Peperiksaan Malaysia)since 1982, which also runs the Malaysian University English Test (MUET)since 1999, unlike Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia (SPM, English: Malaysian Certificate of Education; taken at the end of Form 5), Penilaian Menengah Rendah (PMR, English: Lower Secondary Assessment Test; taken at the end of Form 3) and <span class="mw-redirect">Ujian Penilaian Sekolah Rendah</span> (UPSR, English: Primary School Assessment Test; taken at the end of Standard/Year 6), which are all set and examined by the Malaysian Examinations Syndicate (Lembaga Peperiksaan Malaysia), both of whom, however, are under the Ministry of Education.</p> <p>STPM is one of the two major pre-university systems for admission to Malaysian public universities. The other is a one-year matriculation programme conducted by the Ministry of Education. STPM is not the only qualification accepted besides the matriculation programme and Sijil Tinggi Agama Malaysia (STAM, English: Malaysian Higher Religious Certificate; taken by religious schools' students). Candidates technically may apply for admission to degree-level courses with a variety of pre-university examinations considered equivalent with STPM, including A-Level. All those applying for universities, however, must have taken the MUET.</p> <p>STPM is internationally recognised by many universities, especially those within the Commonwealth of Nations as well as the United States and the Republic of Ireland. Most universities consider STPM results equivalent to <span class="mw-redirect">GCE A-Level</span> results.</p><p><br /></p><h2><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Form_Six">Form Six</span></span></h2> <p>As the national education in Malaysia is modelled after the educational system in England, the STPM pre-university programme is the sixth form of secondary education, referred to as "Form 6". The Ministry of Education selects secondary schools it considers capable of providing Form 6 classes.</p> <p>Unlike the other five forms which are year-long grades, Form 6 lasts one and a half years. Form 6 itself is divided into two levels; the first half year is known as Lower Sixth Form (<i>Tingkatan Enam Rendah/Bawah</i>) and the other whole year is known as Upper Sixth Form (<i>Tingkatan Enam Atas</i>).</p> <p>Students in Form Six are called sixth formers. Sixth formers in national secondary schools are usually distinct from other students in the lower forms such as wearing different school uniforms, usually given higher posts within the school's societies, often with lax enforcement of certain school rules and regulations such as the ban on mobile phones, and sometimes even holding a separate morning assembly and recess for sixth formers.</p> <p>Sixth formers in most schools generally form their own association, officially called the Pre-University Student Representatives Council (Malay: Majlis Perwakilan Pelajar Pra-Universiti) (formerly commonly known as Form Six Association or the Form Six Society, Malay:Persatuan Tingkatan Enam PERTINA). These councils' main annual activity is the initiation of new Lower Sixth formers during orientation.</p> <p>Most <span class="mw-redirect">Bumiputras</span> opt for matriculation programme. Ninety percent of the places in the matriculation programme is reserved for Bumiputras while the remaining 10% are distributed among non-bumiputras. This has become a source of contention because matriculation students, who will enter university one year earlier compared with their STPM peers, are considered on equal standing with STPM only in Malaysia for the purpose of university admission though it is significantly easier than STPM with a streamed down Form 6 syllabus.</p> <h2><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="editsection"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Subjects">Subjects</span></span></h2> <p>STPM candidates sit for no more than five subjects, all within the same examination season. All Science- and Mathematics-related subjects (Mathematics S, Mathematics T, Further Mathematics T, Computing, Physics, Chemistry, and Biology) are offered bilingually in English and Malay until 2007, when they will be offered only in English. All other exams, other than languages, are still offered only in Malay and are likely continue to do so for the foreseeable future.</p> <p>STPM is an open-list examination; that means any combination of subjects may be taken. However, to be considered for Malaysian public university admission, students must take Pengajian Am (General Studies) and at least three other subjects. Most, if not all, schools and colleges offering STPM, however, do stream their students into science and arts (humanities).</p> <p>A list of all subjects available for STPM students are:</p> <ul><li>Pengajian Am (General Studies)</li><li>Bahasa Melayu (<span class="mw-redirect">Malay Language</span>)</li><li>Bahasa Cina (<span class="mw-redirect">Chinese Language</span>)</li><li>Bahasa Tamil (<span class="mw-redirect">Tamil Language</span>)</li><li>Bahasa Arab (<span class="mw-redirect">Arabic Language</span>)</li><li>Literature in English</li><li>Kesusasteraan Melayu (Malay Literature)</li><li>Syariah (<span class="mw-redirect">Islamic Law</span>)</li><li>Usuluddin (<span class="new">Usuluddin</span>)</li><li>Sejarah (History)</li><li>Geografi (Geography)</li><li>Ekonomi (Economics)</li><li>Pengajian Perniagaan (Business Studies)</li><li>Perakaunan (Accounting)</li><li>Mathematics S (may not be taken with Mathematics T)</li><li>Mathematics T (may not be taken with Mathematics S)</li><li>Further Mathematics T (may only be taken with Mathematics T)</li><li>Computing (may only be taken at certain schools)</li><li>Physics</li><li>Chemistry</li><li>Biology</li><li>Sains Sukan (<span class="new">Sport Science</span>)</li><li>Seni Visual (Visual Art)</li></ul> <p>For most non-science and sport science subjects, there are generally two papers per subject. For science subjects, there are three papers, with the third a practical paper<sup id="cite_ref-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sijil_Tinggi_Persekolahan_Malaysia#cite_note-0"><span></span><span></span></a></sup> (though all but Computing offers a written paper as an alternative for private candidates).</p> <p>Mathematics S and Mathematics T<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sijil_Tinggi_Persekolahan_Malaysia#cite_note-1"><span></span><span></span></a></sup> share the first paper (consisting of Pure Mathematics), while with slightly different second papers, the prior with a more business mathematics approach while the latter a more science-related and statistical approach. Both subjects have both their papers graded separately on a different curve, though all questions shared between the subjects are marked with the same, secret marking scheme.</p> <h2><span class="editsection"></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Grades_and_Grade_Points">Grades and Grade Points</span></span></h2> <p>STPM uses a Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA) system. There are 11 grades, which are A, A-, B+, B, B-, C+, C, C-, D+ and D, with F as the failing grade. The grade points for each of these grades are between 4.0 and 1.0, A being 4.0 and D- being 1.0. The F grade gives a grade point of 0.</p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Grade</th> <th>Grade Points</th> </tr> <tr> <td>A</td> <td>4.00</td> </tr> <tr> <td>A-</td> <td>3.67</td> </tr> <tr> <td>B+</td> <td>3.33</td> </tr> <tr> <td>B</td> <td>3.00</td> </tr> <tr> <td>B-</td> <td>2.67</td> </tr> <tr> <td>C+</td> <td>2.33</td> </tr> <tr> <td>C</td> <td>2.00</td> </tr> <tr> <td>C-</td> <td>1.67</td> </tr> <tr> <td>D+</td> <td>1.33</td> </tr> <tr> <td>D</td> <td>1.00</td> </tr> <tr> <td>F</td> <td>0.00</td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p>In order to pass a paper, candidate must at least score a C (2.00) or above. Having a grade between D to C- is a principal pass (lulus separa). But certain private institutes, UTAR for instance, refers to principal pass as C.</p> <p>Each paper's grade appears on the result slip and the certificate. The subject's grade and grade point is determined by the weighted average results of all papers in that subject, where all papers must be passed, otherwise the grade and grade point would be, respectively, F and 0. The cumulative grade point average is the average of the top four subjects taken and usually rounded up to 2 decimal points. Therefore, if a student scores A in four subjects and fail in the fifth, his CGPA would be 4.0.</p> <p>The actual range of scores within each grade is undisclosed and changes annually, depending on the performance of the candidates. Usually, the range of marks of science subjects is higher than non-science subjects.</p> <p>Cumulative and subject GPA at 2.0 and above is considered a pass with credit or principal pass. GPA below 2.0 is considered a sub-fail, and a 0 is considered a fail. Admissions to local public universities requires at least a GPA of 2.0 and above, though private universities, university colleges and colleges generally may accept student with CGPA less than 2.0.</p> <p>The CGPA system in STPM poses some problems for admissions to American universities because the GPA range between 4.0 and 0 (unlike Advanced Placement range of 5.0 to 0) may understate the academic achievements of an applicant.</p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com1